Coenzyme · Cellular energy + sirtuin pathway substrate
NAD⁺
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the longevity workhorse for mitochondrial energy and DNA repair.
- Half-lifeVariable (depends on route of administration)
- Dose range100–300 mg/day subcutaneous · 100–500 mg IV
- Reconstituted stability28 days, 2–8 °C
- VerificationCOA included
Mechanism
How it works.
Substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7) and PARPs; restores mitochondrial energy production via the electron-transport chain. Activates AMPK and downstream longevity signaling.
Research
What the research shows.
Human studies of NAD⁺ precursors (NMN, NR) show measurable elevation of NAD⁺ blood levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and modest endurance markers. Direct NAD⁺ delivery is more aggressive but stings on subcutaneous route — slow injection mitigates.
NAD⁺ is a coenzyme central to mitochondrial energy production, sirtuin signaling, and DNA repair. Endogenous levels decline measurably with age, and supplementation has become a foundational longevity-protocol input.
Contraindications
When not to use.
Active malignancy (theoretical); known histamine-release sensitivity; severe cardiovascular disease without clinical oversight.
Optimal pairings
Stacks well with.
Information is educational, derived from published research. Not medical advice. All compounds sold for research use only. Bloodwork and a clinical consultation should precede any new protocol.